1. Rule-Rule Tropical Architecture
The building has a tropical architectural principles need to be developed as a form of environmentally-friendly building. Building with this principle can protect solar radiation, preventing the temperature increase in the room, and have space for outside air.
Rules more tropical architecture refers to how resolve problematic as the blazing tropical sun radiation, a relatively high temperature, high humidity (for tropical moist) and wind speeds are relatively low so that the man who originally was not comfortable being outdoors, being comfortable when in the tropical building. (Karyono, Tri Harso. Definition Tropical Architecture in Indonesia, 2000).Climate plays an important role in the design and planning of tropical building. Planners are required to use such considerations penghawaan aspects, comfort, ventilation, orientation, heat penetration, and the reflection of sunlight to reach the level of comfort.There are three actors in a tropical architecture that need to be analyzed to achieve a level of comfort, namely: (Source: Fry, Maxwell and Drew, Jane (1964), Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zone, New York, Reinhold Publishing Corp.)
a. Climate, include:
Sunlight (MRT).
Wind (v m / s).
Humidity (RH%).
Rainfall (mm / yr).
temperature (TOC).
b. Modifier, include:
Tree.
Wall.
Screen.
c. Human Modifications are limited to clothing, food, activities and habits of humans.
As for how to manage / use of tropical climate (macro-and micro-climates) in the view of architecture, among others (Dahlan Forum. Architectural Theory, 2008):
Macro climate
Opening a window on the north-south.
trees shrubs placed in the east, as wind in dry from March to September (not carrying water vapor), so it was not humid. If you plant a tree in the west, should be enhanced so as not to bring moist air into the room.
The east wall is opened, so that when December, the wind does not enter.
Bathrooms should be placed on the west course to dry (not humid).
The wind is passing good front / side (the position of the building is not back to the wind). Wind from the bottom and top is not good.
Microclimate
building orientation, can receive as little as possible in the hot summer time, and able to withstand the heat as much as possible in the winter.
Ventilation (opening holes in space for the entry of penghawaan).
Sun shading (visors). Controlling humidity.
The use of building materials.
The shape and size of the space.
Setting vegetation must consider the principle of smooth flowing wind.
2. Materials and Building Materials Tropical
The selected building materials do not have to be fancy, expensive or imported material. Indeed the use of appropriate materials, in accordance with the tropical climate and mitigation issues, is an important foundation for building a healthy home.